TRIVIAL PURSUIT FAMILY EDITION Juego Spanis Fitgirl Repack
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Methods: We used the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure subjective sleep quality among our participants. The PSQI is a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates different aspects of sleep and daytime functioning over the past month. It consists of 19 questions that are grouped into seven components: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The total PSQI score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. We also calculated chronotype and social jet lag for both work day and work-free day using the midpoint of sleep method. Chronotype reflects the preferred timing of sleep and wakefulness, while social jet lag measures the discrepancy between biological and social clocks. To assess symptoms related to restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease (RLS/WED), we used the Japanese version of the Cambridge-Hopkins questionnaire short form 13 (CH-RLSq13). This is a validated screening tool for RLS/WED that consists of 13 questions about the frequency, severity, and timing of leg sensations and movements. Participants who reported having an urge to move their legs at least once a week, but did not meet the diagnostic criteria for RLS/WED, were classified as having leg motor restlessness (LMR). We performed logistic regression analyses to examine the association between poor sleep (defined as PSQI score > 5) and various factors. We adjusted for potential confounders such as age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, menstruation status, the presence of premenstrual syndrome, and the presence of a spouse.
Results: Out of 1,234 participants, 218 (17.7%) had poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). The prevalence of RLS/WED and LMR was 6.2% and 8.4%, respectively. Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with RLS/WED (odds ratio [OR] = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71-6.01), LMR (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.35-4.06), evening chronotype (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.36-3.28), and higher social jet lag on work-free days (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02-1.30) after adjusting for confounders. The association between poor sleep quality and RLS/WED or LMR remained significant even after excluding participants who used sleeping medication.
Discussion: Our findings suggest that RLS/WED and LMR are common and important contributors to poor sleep quality among Japanese women. Moreover, chronotype and social jet lag may also influence sleep quality independently of leg symptoms. These results highlight the need for screening and management of leg symptoms and circadian rhythm factors in women with sleep complaints.
Conclusion: RLS/WED, LMR, evening chronotype, and social jet lag on work-free days are associated with poor sleep quality in Japanese women. Future studies should examine the causal relationships and underlying mechanisms of these associations, as well as the potential benefits of interventions for improving sleep quality in this population. 061ffe29dd
